Is Acne an Essential Fatty Acid deficiency?

When we look at the physiology of the skin, you will find the tiny glands of the hair follicles producing a mixture of wax and oil to protect our skin. One of the many roles of omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) is to prevent this mixture from "caking up". 

By now, you may have heard one or two things about omega-3 EFA having an anti-inflammatory effect. In fact, there are hundreds of studies looking at omega-3 EFA in inflammatory diseases, like arthritis. Acne too, is an inflammatory condition. When the glands at the base of the hair follicle get blocked, bacteria can start to thrive, causing inflammation. 

There is recently a study showing positive result in the use of omega-3 EFA in the treatment of moderate to severe acne. The dose used was relatively high, about 3-4 caspules of the concentrated omega-3 EFA. 

Burns-Whitmore, Bonny and Khayef, Golandam, et al. Effects of fish oil supplementation on inflammatory acne. Lipids in Health and Disease 2012,11:165

What is Compounding?

Sometimes one size just does not fit all

Pharmacy  compounding is the art and science of preparing tailor-made medicines for patients. Its practice dates back to the origins of pharmacy, although compounding’s presence in the pharmacy profession has changed over the years. In the

1930s and 1940s, the majority of prescriptions were compounded.

in the 1950s and ‘60s, compounding declined as the pharmacist’s role as a preparer of medications quickly changed to that of a dispenser of manufactured dosage forms. However, this “one-size-fits-all” approach to medication meant that some patients’ needs were not being met. Within the last few decades, however, compounding has experienced a renaissance as modern technology, innovative techniques and research have allowed more pharmacists to customize medications to meet a patient’s unique needs.  

How does Compounding benefit me?

There are many reasons why doctors and pharmacists provide compounded medicines for patients. Many patients are allergic to preservatives or dyes, or require a dosage that is different from the standard drug strengths. With a doctor’s consent, a compounding pharmacist can adjust the strength of a medicine, add flavour to make it easier to take or easier to swallow. For those patients who find it difficult to swallow a capsule, a compounding pharmacist can prepare the drug as a flavoured suspension or gels or cream that can be absorbed through the skin, suppositories or sub-lingual troches.

What kinds of prescriptions can be compounded?           Almost any kind! Compounded prescriptions are ideal for any patient requiring unique dosages and/or delivery devices.

Compounding applications can include:

bio-identical hormone replacement therapy; 

pain management

dental

otic (for the ear) 

skin 

medication flavoring 

neuropathy

veterinary

sports medicine

wound therapy

podiatry

gastroenterology

We are a proud member of PCCA

PCCA stands for Professional Compounding Chemists of Australia

With PCCA you can have your medicine compounded with confidence knowing that PCCA is endorsed by Pharmacy Guild of Australia.

PCCA is licensed by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) as a supplier of ingredients     

Tricolour Quinoa Porridge

By Alvina

Ingredients:

1 cup of Tricolour Quinoa

2 cups of filtered water

1/2 cup of pitted dates (soaked in some of the filtered water)

Zest of 1 lime

Juice from 1/2 a lime

1 grated pear

A pinch of sea salt

1 tbsp of raw honey

Blueberries

Toasted sunflower, pumpkin seeds and almonds

Instructions:

Soak Quinoa in water overnight and rinse well to remove the bitter soap like substance called saponin

before cooking.

Pour water, quinoa, dates, lime juice, pear, salt and honey in a saucepan and bring to the boil. Then reduce the heat and simmer for 20 minutes or until quinoa is soft. 

Serve with blueberries and toasted seeds and nuts. Sprinkle some lime zest over the top of the porridge.

Serves 4

Garcinia Cambogia

After been asked on numerous occasion about Garcinia Cambogia, and not been satisfied with the glossy marketing materials, I decided to do my own review on Garcinia Cambogia. 

Some interesting findings...Garcinia has been used for centuries in Asian countries for cooking. It is used as a condiment, a flavouring agent and in food preservation. It is also used as a treatment for intestinal worms and other parasites, dysentery and other digestive complaints. 

Studies, even though there were over 20 trials identified, only 12 fit into the clinical trial standards. All the studies are measuring the weight loss effect of Hydroxycitric acid (HCA). HCA is found primarily in the rind of the Garcinia Cambogia. 

Safety There are a handful of drugs in the market to help weight loss, but we need to consider the effectiveness, the cost and adverse effects/safety. 

Reductil (Sibutramine) was withdrawn from the market in 2010, due to its risk of serious cardiovascular events. 

Duromine (Phentermine) has been reported to cause palpitation, fatigue,dizziness, headache, dry mouth and insomnia.

The side effects of Xenical (Orlistat) include oily and loose stools, flatulence with oily discharge, faecal incontinence and frequent or urgent bowel movements.  

From the research I have been doing on Garcinia, there has not been an adverse reaction report relating to HCA since 1964. 

Does it work? Most of the studies are short term studies, the longest study went for 12 weeks. When combining the results of all the studies, HCA was favoured to have a small but significant difference in weight loss. In at least two trials that I know of, cholesterol profile was improved; leptin (which is a protein produced by fatty tissue) level was reduced. The author from one of these studies wrote, "At the end of 8 weeks, body weight and BMI decreased by 5.4% and 5.2%, respectively. Food intake, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and serum leptin levels were significantly reduced, while HDL and serotonin levels, and excretion of urinary fat metabolites (a biomarker of fat oxidation) significantly increased. No significant adverse effects were reported." I have to remind you though, apart from taking the HCA, these patients were also walking 30 min 5 days a week, and not eating more than 2000kcal diet per day. 

Verdict?  Pros: HCA has a good safety profile. It can cause short term weight loss. It may be a good way to kick start a long term lifestyle plan in acheiving a healthy weight. Cons: More longer and rigorous trials needed.

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Hayfever and Allergies

 Tips on how to survive the allergy season:

The most common allergies in the spring are hay fever (pollen from e.g. ryegrass, canary, wild oat grass and casurina trees) and moulds. Although dust mites are all year round, the ideal conditions for their growth are 25ºC and 75% relative humidity making the South Coast a perfect dwelling place. Here are some suggestions to decrease exposure to allergens:

·       Wash sheets, mattress covers, pillow cases and curtains weekly in water hotter than 55^oC. This will kill dust mites and wash away the allergen they produce. Reduce dust mites by covering mattress, pillow and quilt with dust mite resistant covers. The covers must be washed every 2 months. If you cannot wash them in hot water, use a commercial product with essential oils formulated to kill dust mites in cold water. Tumble drying items for 10 minutes after normal washing will also kill dust mites.

·       Consider replacing carpets with hard floors. Use throw rugs instead as you can wash them.

·       Consider replacing heavy curtains with Venetian blinds or flat blinds as they are easier to clean.

·       Expose mattresses to sunlight for several hours (but beware of high pollen count on the day)

·       Remove sheepskin or woollen underlays.

·       Remove all soft toys from the bed and bedroom. If this is not possible, wash them on a regular basis. If they are too big, freeze them in a plastic bag for 24-48 hours to kill the mites, but this will not remove allergens.

·       Leave your shoes at the door so you do not track outside allergens around the house.

·       Keep pet dander low by giving your pets a regular bath.

·       Use a damp or electrostatic cloth to clean hard surfaces weekly.

·      Clean your air by using an air purifier with a HEPA filter to remove allergens from the air. Use a HEPA filter vacuum cleaner and vacuum weekly. Beware that the amount of house dust mite allergens in the air will increase for up to 20 minutes.

·     Although pollen is known to be blown long distances on windy days, most pollen is deposited within a short distance of its source. The peak pollen season is between late September and Christmas. Keep your windows shut during peak pollen level periods. Pollen counts are usually highest between 6am and noon.

Use a dehumidifier to decrease the level of indoor dust mite and mould. Avoid water cooled air conditioners as they release water into the air.

·       Wash hands and face frequently to stop contact with eyes, mouth and nose. Washing your hair at night washes out the allergens trapped in your hair from landing on your pillow and being inhaled while you are sleeping.

Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS), also known as Pollen Food Syndrome (PFS), usually happens in people who are allergic to pollen from trees, grasses or weeds. It has been shown that pollens from trees, grasses and weeds contain proteins of similar structure to those present in many different fruits, vegetables, nuts and even spices. These proteins, which have essential roles in plant growth and defence against disease, are recognised by the immune system of a hay fever sufferer, and can trigger an allergic reaction in a susceptible person. This condition therefore usually affects people who get spring or summertime hay fever, but can occur in people who do not have hay fever but test positive to pollens.·       

If the allergen is ragweed pollen, consuming cucumber, banana, melon, watermelon, zucchini, pumpkin may trigger an allergic reaction. If the allergen is birch pollen, consuming apple, pear, cherry, peach, and plum may cause an allergic reaction. Plantain grass pollen is common and people may react if they consume melon, watermelon, tomato, orange and kiwi fruit.

Allergy symptoms could still occur even with everything above in place. Here are a few tips on ways to treat allergy symptoms:

1.    Antihistamine tablets and syrups– work by blocking a natural substance in your body called histamine. This is released by your immune system during an allergic reaction.

2.    Nasal sprays such as Rhinocort®, Nasonex® and Beconase® - work by reducing and controlling the inflammation that cause nasal blockage and the other symptoms of hayfever.

3.    Nasal saline irrigation – cleansing the nasal passges with saline is very effective in washing out pollen and mucus.

4.    Use natural antihistamine products that contain Quercetin and Vitamin C.

5.    Horseradish, fenugreek, marshmellow and garlic have traditionally been used for the relief of hayfever. Horseradish contains mustard oils which are thought to have a decongestant effect. Fenugreek and marshmellow act as demulcents which help to soothe inflammed mucous membranes. Garlic has anti-inflammatory and decongestant properties

6.    Drink lots of water, natural teas and juices to keep the mucus moving.

7.   Probiotics are a helpful option. Allergies are the result of your immune system reacting with allergens. Probiotics help balance your beneficial intestinal bacteria that keep your immune system strong.

Prep before marathon

Some supplements to consider 2-3 days before the marathon and race, and 5 days after for recovery:

* Magnesium chelate - this helps reduce inflammation, cope with the physical stress on the body, to help energy production and nourish the muscle tissues.

* Vitamin C (preferably in mineral asborbate form for better absorption) - about 500mg, helps reduce inflammatory response, increase stress tolerance, enhance thyroid function and increase antioxidant store.

* Coenzyme Q10 - about 100mg, make sure you get a good quality CoQ10. This helps reduce muscle damage and energy production. Studies have shown that athletes who take CoQ10 take less time to complete the race. 

* DO NOT take non-steriodal anti-inflammatory BEFORE (or during) your race. Studies have shown that it increases inflammation and endotoxemia (see next paragraph for explanation) and worsen kidney function post race. 

Long term training…

Gut health is extremely important for an endurance athlete. Long duration of exercise can induce Endotoxemia. Sorry for the big word! In layman's term, this is what it means - As you train, blood gets shunted from your gut, this leads to the dying off of bacteria. The cell walls of the bacteria that are released into the blood stream are called endotoxins. Endotoxins then bind to the muscle tissue and trigger inflammatory cytokines, which damage your tissue overtime. 

To improve gut health, you may want to consider:

Probiotics, Digestive enzymes and supplements to enhance the integrity of the gut cell membrane.

Happy Training!